Community health workers (CHWs) play a vital role in delivering healthcare services at the household level, particularly in underresourced areas like the Emfuleni subdistrict of Gauteng. This research aimed to identify and analyse the potential threats and safety hazards CHWs face in providing effective healthcare services. The qualitative approach usedin-depth interviews to gather insights into challenges CHWs encounter when performing their duties.

Key challenges include resource limitations such as inadequate training, minimal support from seniors and difficulties in community engagement due to community violence and protests. Infrastructural issues, including poor transport and inconsistent access to technology, further complicate service provision. Additionally, bureaucratic hurdles and insufficient support from health authorities hinder effective care coordination, while evolving health needs pose ongoing challenges.

The findings highlighted the critical need for enhanced support resources and to bring in adaptive strategies in emergencies for CHWs to improve healthcare access and outcomes. Addressing these challenges is essential for strengthening community health systems and ensuring effective service delivery. The results of this research aimed to strengthen the sustainability of healthcare delivery in South Africa by creating a more integrated and responsive health system, aligned to achieve universal access to comprehensive care.